WEST HOLLYWOOD, California — Pauline Lawrence tiene 63 años, una edad que la pone en mayor riesgo si contrae el nuevo coronavirus.
Sin embargo, tres días a la semana, pasa 16 horas con alguien que corre un riesgo aún mayor: un hombre de 97 años que depende de ella y de otros dos ayudantes de salud en el hogar para sobrevivir.
“Alguien tiene que cuidarlo”, dijo Lawrence, un inmigrante de Jamaica que vive con su hijo de 30 años en un apartamento del sur de Los Angeles. “Estoy dispuesta a hacer lo que sea necesario para ayudar”.
En virtud de la orden estatal californiana de “quedarse en casa”, que tiene por objeto detener la propagación del coronavirus, así como de otras órdenes similares emitidas por ciudades y condados, muchas empresas deben cerrar completamente. Más de 30 gobernadores han emitido órdenes similares para sus estados.
Pero estas normas permiten que las empresas “esenciales” permanezcan abiertas y que los trabajadores “esenciales” sigan en sus puestos de trabajo.
¿A quién se considera “esencial”? Para empezar, a los trabajadores de la salud, las fuerzas del orden, a los plomeros y a los empleados de los supermercados. Pero hay muchos trabajadores considerados esenciales, como los empleados de los dispensarios de cannabis y de la industria del entretenimiento según la orden estatal de California, y los jardineros y paisajistas según la orden del condado de Los Ángeles.
Entre las personas que siguen trabajando, sin el lujo de poder hacerlo desde casa, hay un alto porcentaje de trabajadores con salarios bajos, que ganan un promedio de $10,22 por hora, según un reciente análisis nacional de Brookings Institution. Y entre estos trabajadores, los afroamericanos y los latinos están sobre-representados en comparación con su participación en la fuerza laboral total.
Lawrence cares for Charles Smurr, 97, a retired office manager. Smurr lives alone and depends on three home health aides to help him with his needs, from 7:30 a.m. to 11:30 p.m. every day. “I’m not afraid to keep working,” Lawrence says. “I’m a woman of God.”
Lawrence, who wears protective gear during her entire shift, disinfects everything when she enters the two-bedroom apartment and as she works. After she leaves, she says, she does her best to prevent any germs from entering her home. “I take my clothes off and put them in a plastic bag before I enter my house.”
Jose Solorio, 56, Ismael Garcia, 33, and Oscar Bravo, 41, are landscapers in Pasadena, California. “We are worried like everyone else, but our risk is lower than if we worked in an office,” Garcia says.
“We’re not obligated to work, but we have rent to pay,” says Ismael Garcia.
Jose Solorio says he will continue to work as long as he can. Like his co-workers, he is the main provider for his family. “It’s in God’s hands,” he says about the threat of getting sick.
Tony Serrato, 34, is a cook at Pie ’n Burger in Pasadena, where takeout orders keep him busy. His hours were cut when the stay-at-home order went into effect, and he now works 20 hours a week, down from 40. “It’s not enough, but it’s something,” he says.
Serrato prepares a burger Thursday. Pie ’n Burger employs just two workers per shift under the new coronavirus rules: one cook and one person answering the phones. Owner Michael Osborn says the restaurant is doing only about one-third of its regular business and is producing about 120 burgers a day. Osborn had to cut 25 employees when restaurants were ordered closed except for takeout or pickup service. He describes it as the hardest thing he’s ever had to do.
Gustavo Rojas, 33, works as an auto mechanic at Homer’s Auto Services in Monrovia, California. Rojas says work is consistent but slower than before. “Everyone needs their car,” he says.
Rojas is part of a three-man crew. “We’ve told each other that if we feel sick, we’ll stay home,” he says. The mechanics don’t wear masks and only sometimes wear gloves, but Rojas says they wipe down high-touch parts of each car when it arrives at the shop, with a focus on the steering wheel.
Victoria Garrido, 23, is a sales associate at Get Yok’d Sports Nutrition, a supplement and health food store in Pasadena. “I’m thankful to be open and still working,” says Garrido, a student at Pasadena City College. “I don’t take it for granted.”
Garrido checks out a customer. Sales have fallen 70% since the stay-at-home orders went into effect, says owner Sarb Derzakarian. With only about 25 customers a day, he says, he doesn’t know how long he can keep the store open.
Garrido and other employees disinfect after each customer leaves. Garrido cleans the door handles, credit card machines and anything else the customer has touched. “I want to wear a mask,” says Garrido, “but it’s hard to work like that.”
Tommie Ramirez, 29, is a “budtender” at The Pottery, a cannabis dispensary in the Mid-City neighborhood in central Los Angeles. Ramirez wears gloves at work and practices social distancing but worries about bringing the virus home to her elderly parents.
Ramirez grabs a cannabis tincture for a customer. The dispensary has taken precautions to keep employees and customers safe, including placing signs around the shop.
Esta historia de KHN se publicó primero en California Healthline, un servicio de la California Health Care Foundation.